Journal of Environmental Biology

Unraveling morpho-biochemical parameters and climatic factors associated with flowering in five Jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) varieties

N. Bhavya¹, S. Jogaiah²*, K.S. Shivashankara³, D. Kalaivanan⁴ and P.L. Anushma⁵       

¹Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560 065, India

²Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru- 560 089, India

³Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru- 560 089, India

⁴Division of Natural Resources, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research,Bengaluru- 560 089, India

⁵Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru- 560 089, India

Received: 18 February 2026                   Revised: 06 May 2026                   Accepted: 24 July 2026

*Corresponding Author Email : satilata@gmail.com                    *ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-6647

Abstract

Aim: Identify key biochemical parameters involved in fruit bud formation in jamun varieties.

Methodology: Biochemical composition in vegetative and reproductive buds of five jamun varieties was analysed for carbohydrates, phenols, sugars, protein, chlorophyll, C/N ratio, nitrogen, and phosphorous along with vegetative parameters.

Results: The results revealed that, phenols (7.44 to 5.05 mg g^-1 f.wt.), total sugars (27.58 to 22.75 mg g^-1 f.wt.), phosphorous (0.097 to 0.084 %), carbohydrates (59.15 to 48.36 mg g^-1 f.wt.), and C/N ratio (65.75 to 54.34) were higher in reproductive buds than vegetative buds viz., phenols (3.42 to 3.79 mg g^-1 f.wt.); total sugars (17.86 to 14.56 mg g^-1 f.wt.); phosphorus (0.050-0.031 %); carbohydrates (59.15 to 48.36 mg g^-1 f.wt.); CN ratio (49.43 to 34.15). However, vegetative buds recorded higher concentration of protein, chlorophyll and nitrogen than reproductive buds. Higher phenols in reproductive buds showed its significant role in bud formation as it is involved in morphogenesis along with favourable climatic conditions like high temperature and moderate rainfall. Sugar profiling revealed that maximum content glucose, fructose and sucrose, inositol, sorbitol contents were recorded in the reproductive buds than in the vegetative buds.

Interpretation: Varieties with higher phenols, carbohydrate and sugar contents, along with favourable responses of climatic conditions, may be utilized in breeding programs aimed at developing regular-bearing cultivars.

Key words: Climatic factors, Jamun varieties, Sugar profile, Syzygium cumini

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