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Journal of Environmental Biology

pISSN: 0254-8704 ; eISSN: 2394-0379 ; CODEN: JEBIDP
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    Abstract - Issue March 2026, 47 (2)                                     Back


nstantaneous and historical temperature effects on a-pinene

Deciphering antibiotic resistance in bacteria from hospital wastewater drains

 

M. Gautam1, P. Chaubey1, S.K. Yadav2 and S. Kumar1*     

1Department of Microbiology, Dr Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya-224 001, India

2Department of Statistics, School of Physical and Decision Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow-226 025, India 

 

Received: 24 October 2025                   Revised: 24 January 2026                   Accepted: 28 February 2026

*Corresponding Author Email : shailendrakumar@rmlau.ac.in                     *ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7198-6354

 

 

 

Abstract

 

Aim: This study aimed to assess the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of hospital effluents and evaluate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria.

Methodology: Wastewater samples were collected from nine hospitals and analysed for physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. Statistical analysis was performed to compare variations among the sites, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Gram-negative isolates was conducted by disc diffusion method to classify bacterial resistance profiles.

Results: Most of the means and medians of physico-chemical parameters showed no significant variations among the samples (p > 0.05), except for BOD and COD. Among 179 bacterial isolates 91.6% were MDR, 17.3% XDR and 1.7% PDR. Pseudomonas spp. and over 80% of Klebsiella, E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, and Proteus spp. exhibited multidrug resistance. The MAR index of all bacterial species isolated from wastewater was higher than 0.5.

Interpretation: High Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices indicate a substantial risk of horizontal transfer of resistance traits in the aquatic environments. The study underscores the urgent need for effective hospital wastewater management and treatment strategies to prevent environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

Key words: Antibiotics, Enterobacteriaceae, Hospital wastewater, Pan-drug-resistant

 

 

 

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