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Journal of Environmental Biology

pISSN: 0254-8704 ; eISSN: 2394-0379 ; CODEN: JEBIDP

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    Abstract - Issue Mar 2020, 41 (2)                                     Back


nstantaneous and historical temperature effects on a-pinene

Species composition of dry-temperate forest as an important habitat for wildlife fauna species

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M.N. Rajpar1, M. Ozturk2*, V. Altay3, S. Ullah1, A. Ullah4, C.O. Martin5, S. G?cel6 and M. Zakaria5 ????? 

1Department of Forestry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan

2Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, 35040, Turkey

3Biology Dept., Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, 31030, Turkey

4Department of Agricultural Extension Education and Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan

5Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia

6Near East University, Environmental Research Center, Nicosia, 99138, Northern Cyprus

*Corresponding Author Email : munirozturk@gmail.com

Paper received: 18.04.2019 ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????Revised received: 21.09.2019 ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????Accepted: 03.01. 2020

 

Abstract

Aim: To determine the present species composition and diversity in dry temperate forest ecosystem, especially trees, shrubs, ground cover, birds, reptiles and mammals.

Methodology: The vegetation composition and diversity of dry-temperate forest in Kumrat valley was determined through employing the 20x20 m (0.4 ha) quadrant method. In addition, fauna species were detected through direct visual observations. A total of 100 quadrant plots were randomly selected to determine the vegetation composition and diversity from July, 2017 to August, 2018.

Results: A total of 7 tree species, 3 shrubs, and 12 grass species were identified, which were attracted into the study area. The highest tree density was determined for P. wallichiana (3.375 tree ha-1) and the lowest one for J. regia (0.300 tree ha-1). CAP tests indicated that the diversity indices, i.e., Shannon-Winner's Diversity Index (H1=2.908+0.161), Margalef's Richness Index (R1=3.26+0.112) and McIntosh Evenness Index (E=0.9746+0.0206) occured in Kumrat valley. Further, diversity indices of trees varied from species to species, e.g., the highest tree species diversity (H1=2.248) and species richness (R1=2.730) was recorded in Picea smithiana and the lowest one (H1=0.297) and richness (R1=0.4024) in Juglans regia. Taxus baccata (E=0.9763) showed even distribution in the study area as compared to other tree species. The direct observation observed a total of 11 mammal species (6 endangered, 3 data deficient, and 2 species least concern), 41 bird species (mostly least concern), and 6 reptile species (4 least concern, one data deficient, and one vulnerable) simultaneously within the same area where plant cover was determined.

Interpretation: The results of this study demonstrated that plant cover structure and composition of dry-temperate forest is the most prominent factor that had formed a wide array of different habitats to attract the higher diversity of fauna.

Keywords: Birds, Food resources, Mammals, Reptiles, Species diversity

 

 

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