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Abstract - Issue Mar 2020, 41 (2) Back
nstantaneous and historical temperature effects on a-pinene
Species composition
of dry-temperate forest as an important habitat for wildlife fauna species
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M.N. Rajpar1,
M. Ozturk2*, V. Altay3, S. Ullah1, A. Ullah4,
C.O. Martin5, S. G?cel6 and M. Zakaria5 ?????
1Department of
Forestry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan
2Center for
Environmental Studies, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, 35040, Turkey
3Biology Dept.,
Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, 31030,
Turkey
4Department of
Agricultural Extension Education and Communication, The University of
Agriculture, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
5Faculty of
Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
6Near East
University, Environmental Research Center, Nicosia, 99138, Northern Cyprus
*Corresponding Author Email : munirozturk@gmail.com
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Paper
received: 18.04.2019 ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????Revised
received: 21.09.2019 ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????Accepted:
03.01. 2020
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Abstract
Aim: To
determine the present species composition and diversity in dry temperate
forest ecosystem, especially trees, shrubs, ground cover, birds, reptiles and
mammals.
Methodology: The vegetation composition and diversity of
dry-temperate forest in Kumrat valley was determined through employing the
20x20 m (0.4 ha) quadrant method. In addition, fauna species were detected
through direct visual observations. A total of 100 quadrant plots were
randomly selected to determine the vegetation composition and diversity from
July, 2017 to August, 2018.
Results: A total of 7 tree species, 3 shrubs, and 12 grass
species were identified, which were attracted into the study area. The
highest tree density was determined for P. wallichiana (3.375 tree ha-1)
and the lowest one for J. regia (0.300 tree ha-1). CAP
tests indicated that the diversity indices, i.e., Shannon-Winner's Diversity
Index (H1=2.908+0.161), Margalef's Richness Index (R1=3.26+0.112)
and McIntosh Evenness Index (E=0.9746+0.0206) occured in Kumrat valley.
Further, diversity indices of trees varied from species to species, e.g., the
highest tree species diversity (H1=2.248) and species richness (R1=2.730)
was recorded in Picea smithiana and the lowest one (H1=0.297)
and richness (R1=0.4024) in Juglans regia. Taxus baccata
(E=0.9763) showed even distribution in the study area as compared to other
tree species. The direct observation observed a total of 11 mammal species (6
endangered, 3 data deficient, and 2 species least concern), 41 bird species
(mostly least concern), and 6 reptile species (4 least concern, one data
deficient, and one vulnerable) simultaneously within the same area where
plant cover was determined.
Interpretation: The results of this study demonstrated
that plant cover structure and composition of dry-temperate forest is the
most prominent factor that had formed a wide array of different habitats to
attract the higher diversity of fauna.
Keywords: Birds, Food resources, Mammals, Reptiles, Species
diversity
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