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Journal of Environmental Biology

pISSN: 0254-8704 ; eISSN: 2394-0379 ; CODEN: JEBIDP

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    Abstract - Issue May 2009, 30 (3)                                     Back


Interactions between marine facultative epiphyte Chlamydomonas sp

Utility of adsorbents in the purification of drinking water: A review of characterization, efficiency and safety evaluation of various adsorbents

Shashi Prabha Dubey1, Krishna Gopal*1 and J.L. Bersillon2

1Aquatic Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.B. No. 80,

M.G. Marg, Lucknow - 226 001, India

2Laboratoire Environment et Mineralurgie, Groupe de Recheerches sur I’Eau et les Solides Divises,

Centre de Recheche Francois Fiessinger, Nancy - F-54501, Cedex, France

(Received: June 21, 2007; Revised received: December 04, 2007; Accepted: January 02, 2008)

Abstract: Clean drinking water is one of the implicit requisites for a healthy human population. However, the growing industrialization and extensive use of chemicals for various concerns, has increased the burden of unwanted pollutants in the drinking water of developing countries like India. The entry of potentially hazardous substances into the biota has been magnifying day by day. In the absence of a possible stoppage of these, otherwise, useful chemicals, the only way to maintain safer water bodies is to develop efficient purifying technologies. One such immensely beneficial procedure that has been in use is that of purification of water using ‘adsorbents’. Indigenous minerals and natural plants products have potential for removing many pollutants viz. fluoride, arsenic, nitrate, heavy metals, pesticides as well as trihalomethanes. Adsorbents which are derived from carbon, alumina, zeolite, clay minerals, iron ores, industrial by products, and natural products viz. parts of the plants, herbs and algal biomass offer promising potential of removal. In the recent years attention has been paid to develop process involving screening / pretreatment / activation / impregnation using alkalies, acids, alum, lime, manganese dioxide, ferric chloride and other chemicals which are found to enhance their adsorbing efficiency.  Chemical characterization of these adsorbents recapitulates the mechanism of the process. It is imperative to observe that capacities of the adsorbents may vary depending on the characteristics, chemical modifications and concentration of the individual adsorbent. Removal kinetics is found to be based on the experimental conditions viz. pH, concentration of the adsorbate, quantity of the adsorbent and temperature. It is suggested that isotherm model is suitable tool to assess the adsorption capacities in batch and column modes. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of the process/products may be useful to provide guidelines for its sustainable disposal.

Key words: Efficiency, Characterization, Langmuir, Freundlich, BET


PDF of full length paper is available with author (* krishnagopaldubey@gmail.com)

 

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