Ground
water quality in environmentally degraded localities of Panipat
city, India
Mukul Bishnoi* and Ravinder Malik
Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, G.J. University
of Science and Technology, Hisar - 125 001, India
(Received:
April 10, 2006; Revised received: February 22, 2007 ;
Re-revised received: April, 07, 2007; Accepted: May 10, 2007 )
Abstract: A systematic physico-chemical
analysis of the groundwater at 41 different locations in Panipat
city (Haryana), India has been taken up to evaluate
its suitability for domestic purposes. The data revealed considerable
variations in the water samples with respect to chemical composition. For the
analyzed water samples pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, Na+, K+, Ca2+,
HCO-3, Cl-, SO42-
and F- varied from 6.6-7.5, 0.09 -3.28 mmhoS cm-1,
700-2100 mg l-1, 245-1054 mg l-1 (as CaCO3),
153-520 mg l-1 (as CaCO3), 57-560 mg l-1, 5-22
mg l-1, 36-95 mg l-1, 298-1285 mg l-1, 60-311
mg l-1, 17-786 mg l-1, 0.24-9.27 mg l-1
respectively. All samples have high concentration of dissolved salts and all
the samples were hard to very hard. Correlation coefficient ?r? analysis has
been worked out among different water quality parameters. The study shows a
positive and significant, correlation of electrical conductivity with total
dissolved salts (r = 0.979), total hardness (r = 0.507), sulphate (r =
0.453), total alkalinity(r = 0.725). Total hardness is positively and
significantly correlated with magnesium(r = 0.833) and sulphate
(r = 0.687). Where as total alkalinity was found to be positively and
significantly correlated with bicarbonate (r = 0.992). Fluoride was higher than
permissible limits in most of the samples.
Key
words:??? Ground water, Panipat,
Physico-chemical analysis, Correlation coefficient
PDF of full length paper is available with author (*mukulbishnoi@yahoo.co.in)
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